collado

A collado is a geographical term referring to a mountain pass or saddle. It describes a low point or gap between two higher elevations, typically mountains or hills. Collados are natural features that often facilitate travel and passage through mountainous terrain. The term is of Spanish origin and is commonly found in regions with Spanish influence, such as Spain, Latin America, and the southwestern United States.

The formation of collados is generally attributed to geological processes like erosion, glaciation, or tectonic activity that have worn down or uplifted the land in a way that creates a lower point between peaks. These passes can vary significantly in width and steepness, influencing their accessibility and suitability for different forms of transportation. Historically, many collados have served as vital trade routes and strategic military locations due to their ability to connect otherwise separated areas.

In mountaineering and hiking, identifying and traversing collados is a key aspect of route planning. They can offer the most efficient path over a mountain range, saving considerable time and effort compared to attempting to climb over the highest summits. The elevation and environmental conditions at a collado can also differ greatly from the surrounding peaks, potentially presenting unique ecological zones or weather patterns.