citopatológus

A citopatológus, or cytopathologist, is a medical professional specializing in the microscopic examination of cells to diagnose diseases. They are trained physicians who have completed medical school followed by a residency in pathology, with further specialized fellowship training in cytopathology. Their primary role is to analyze cells collected from various parts of the body, such as fluids (urine, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or from tissue scrapings, brushings, or fine-needle aspirates.

The examination involves assessing cellular morphology, including size, shape, nuclear characteristics, and cytoplasmic features. By identifying abnormal cellular changes, cytopathologists can detect conditions ranging from infections and inflammatory processes to precancerous lesions and malignant tumors. They play a crucial role in early disease detection, particularly in screening programs like cervical cancer screening (Pap smears).

Cytopathologists work closely with clinicians, providing diagnostic reports that guide patient management and treatment decisions. Their expertise is essential for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of many diseases. The field of cytopathology utilizes various techniques, including light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and provide comprehensive cellular analysis.