cierpisz

Cierpisz is the second-person singular present tense form of the Polish verb cierpieć, which means to suffer or endure. It is used to describe someone who is currently experiencing pain, distress, or hardship, either physically or emotionally.

Grammatical notes: Cierpisz is an imperfective verb in the present tense. Related present forms include cierpię (I suffer) and cierpi (he/she/it suffers). The verb forms in other tenses follow standard Polish conjugation patterns for imperfective verbs, with past forms such as cierpiałem or cierpiałam for masculine and feminine speakers, and future forms formed per person with appropriate auxiliary constructions.

Usage and nuance: Cierpisz can be used in everyday speech and in writing to express ongoing suffering, fatigue, illness, grief, or hardship. It can also appear in figurative sense to describe enduring a difficult situation. Typical constructions include questions like Dlaczego cierpisz? (Why are you suffering?) and statements such as Cierpisz z powodu kontuzji. The tone is generally neutral and descriptive, though depending on context it may convey concern, sympathy, or mild admonition.

Etymology and related forms: The form cierpisz derives from the Polish verb cierpieć, rooted in the broader Slavic vocabulary for suffering and endurance. It shares a common semantic core with related verbs in Polish and other Slavic languages.

See also: Polish verb cierpieć; Polish present tense conjugation; Polish grammar.