suffers

Suffers is the third-person singular present tense form of the verb suffer. It is used when the subject is he, she, it, or a singular noun, and it conveys that the subject experiences pain, distress, or hardship. The verb can express enduring a condition, undergoing a process, or being affected by an unpleasant circumstance.

Common constructions include "suffers from" to indicate a disease, condition, or persistent problem: "She suffers from chronic migraines." It can also appear without from when referring to enduring consequences: "The country suffers under years of inflation," or "The team suffers a loss." In some older or formal uses, "suffer" can mean to allow or permit, but this sense is now rare in modern English.

Etymology and usage notes: Suffers derives from Middle English sufferen, from Old French souffrir, from Latin sub- "under" + ferre "to bear," reflecting an older sense of bearing or enduring under hardship. Over time, the most common modern senses emphasize experiencing pain, illness, or adversity.

Related forms and examples: Related forms include suffered (past tense and past participle), suffering (present participle and gerund), and sufferer (one who suffers). In usage, "suffer" can describe individual experiences (a patient suffers from asthma) or collective situations (a city suffers from drought). The word often appears in medical, legal, or literary contexts to denote the impact of adverse conditions on a subject.