choolias

Ochoolias are a group of small, freshwater fish belonging to the genus *Apistogramma*, commonly referred to as dwarf cichlids. These fish are popular among aquarium enthusiasts for their vibrant colors, peaceful temperament, and manageable size, typically reaching only 3–5 inches (7.5–12.5 cm) in length. Native to the blackwater and clearwater rivers of South America, particularly in regions such as the Amazon Basin, ochoolias thrive in soft, acidic water with low mineral content.

Apistogramma species exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males often displaying more vivid colors and elongated fins compared to females, which tend to be smaller and less brightly colored. They are substrate spawners, laying eggs on flat surfaces such as leaves or rocks, and both parents exhibit parental care, guarding the eggs and fry until they are ready to fend for themselves. This behavior makes them a fascinating subject for community aquariums, though they should be kept with non-aggressive tankmates to avoid stress.

Ochoolias are omnivorous, feeding on a mix of high-quality pellets, frozen or live foods like brine shrimp and bloodworms, and occasional plant matter. Their diet should be supplemented with micronutrients to support their health, especially in aquariums with low-nutrient water. Proper water conditions, including a temperature range of 76–82°F (24–28°C), are essential for their well-being, as fluctuations can lead to stress or disease.

Due to their popularity in the aquarium trade, several hybrid and selectively bred varieties exist, often with enhanced coloration or unique patterns. However, natural Apistogramma species are preferred by purists for their authenticity. Careful selection of tankmates and maintenance of stable water parameters are key to ensuring their longevity and vibrancy in captivity.