charismá

Charismá is a term derived from the Greek word kharisma, meaning "gift of grace." In sociology, it refers to a compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others. This quality is often associated with leaders who possess an extraordinary ability to influence and mobilize followers. Max Weber, a prominent sociologist, identified charisma as a key factor in the emergence of new social movements and the formation of distinct leadership styles. He distinguished charismatic authority from traditional and rational-legal authority, positing that charismatic leaders gain their legitimacy not from established customs or laws, but from the exceptional personal qualities attributed to them by their followers.

The concept suggests that charismatic individuals are perceived as possessing special powers, heroic or exemplary qualities, or supernatural endowments. This perception is crucial, as it is the followers' belief in the leader's charisma that grants them authority. Charisma is not inherent in the individual alone but is a dynamic relationship between the leader and the led. When the perceived extraordinary qualities of a leader are no longer recognized, or when the situation they are addressing becomes routinized, charismatic authority can fade or transform into other forms of authority. This process is sometimes referred to as the "routinization of charisma." The term is also used in religious contexts to describe divine gifts or supernatural abilities.