cellulosevezels

Cellulose fibers are polymeric filaments composed of cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer in nature, derived from plant sources. They can occur naturally as plant-structured fibers or be produced by chemical processing of cellulose into regenerated fibers. The fibers are typically used in textiles and as reinforcements in composites, and they are generally biodegradable and renewable.

Natural cellulose fibers include cotton, flax, hemp, jute, and other bast and leaf fibers. They have high cellulose content and offer moisture absorption, softness, and a comfortable feel in textiles. Mechanical processing such as retting, decortication, and carding shapes their properties; the source and processing influence strength, stiffness, and texture.

Regenerated cellulose fibers (also called regenerated or man-made cellulose fibers) are produced by dissolving cellulose from wood pulp or cotton linters and regenerating it as filaments. The main types are viscose (rayon), modal, and lyocell. Viscose uses carbon disulfide chemistry to dissolve and regenerate cellulose, while lyocell employs a closed-loop solvent system (NMMO), often marketed as more environmentally favorable.

Common properties include high stiffness in some forms, good hydrogen bonding, relatively low density, and notable moisture regain. They are generally biodegradable and compatible with natural dyes and finishing techniques. Applications span apparel, home textiles, nonwovens, filtration, and reinforced plastics. Environmental considerations vary by process: viscose has historical concerns related to solvent use, whereas lyocell emphasizes closed-loop production and recoverable solvents.