cardiomyopátiákat

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle. They make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. There are several types of cardiomyopathy, classified by how they affect the heart muscle. Dilated cardiomyopathy is when the heart muscle becomes enlarged and weakened, leading to reduced pumping function. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickening of the heart muscle, which can obstruct blood flow. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiffness of the heart muscle, preventing it from filling properly with blood. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a condition where fatty and fibrous tissue replaces normal heart muscle in the right ventricle, leading to abnormal heart rhythms.

The causes of cardiomyopathy vary and can include genetic factors, infections, long-term high blood pressure, alcohol abuse, and certain medical conditions like amyloidosis. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, termed idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, irregular heartbeats, and chest pain. Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac MRI or biopsy.

Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve heart function. This may involve medications to control blood pressure, reduce fluid buildup, and regulate heart rhythm. Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, can also be beneficial. In severe cases, surgery, including heart transplantation, may be necessary. Regular medical follow-up is crucial for individuals with cardiomyopathy to monitor their condition and adjust treatment as needed.