cardiomyopatiat

Cardiomyopathy is a general term for diseases of the heart muscle. These conditions make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. Cardiomyopathies can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and other serious complications. There are several main types of cardiomyopathy, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged and weakened left ventricle, which impairs the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. This can be caused by genetic factors, infections, alcohol abuse, or certain medications. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves a thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle. This thickening can obstruct blood flow out of the heart and may lead to arrhythmias. It is often inherited. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common type and occurs when the heart muscle becomes stiff and less flexible, preventing the ventricles from filling properly with blood. Causes can include amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, or hemochromatosis.

Symptoms of cardiomyopathy vary depending on the type and severity but can include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, dizziness, and palpitations. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac MRI or biopsy. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the heart's function. This may include medications to control heart rate, blood pressure, and fluid retention, as well as lifestyle modifications. In severe cases, surgery or a heart transplant may be necessary.