carbonblack

Carbon black is a fine black powder consisting mainly of elemental carbon. It is produced by the incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, heavy oils, or coal tar. The process yields nanoscale primary particles that form porous aggregates, and the properties of the material depend on feedstock, production method, and post-treatment. Carbon black grades vary in particle size, structure, surface area, and impurity levels, which influence color strength, UV protection, and electrical conductivity.

Common production routes include furnace black, channel black, acetylene black, and thermal black. Furnace black and channel black are widely used as pigments and reinforcing fillers, while acetylene black is noted for very high conductivity. Post-treatment, such as surface oxidation or functionalization, can tailor interactions with polymers and resins.

Key properties include high tinting strength, good hiding power, UV absorption, and, in many grades, electrical conductivity. The material is widely used as a pigment in inks, paints, and plastics, and as a reinforcing filler in rubber, especially tire treads, where it improves abrasion resistance and durability. It is also employed as a conductive filler in polymer composites and as a pigment in specialty coatings.

Safety and environmental aspects: carbon black is relatively inert as a solid but can generate respirable dust that irritates the lungs if inhaled. Proper handling, ventilation, and dust controls are important. While generally non-toxic in bulk, occupational exposure and production impacts are considerations, and the material is managed under standard industrial hygiene practices.