cantional

A cantional is a book of hymns or psalm tunes, typically used in Protestant churches. These collections served as a way to disseminate musical settings for congregational singing, making them an important part of musical and religious practice. Cantionals often contained the melody line and sometimes an organ accompaniment or other vocal parts.

The term "cantional" is most commonly associated with the German tradition of hymnody. During the Reformation and in the centuries that followed, many prominent composers and theologians compiled and published these collections. They were instrumental in shaping the musical repertoire of Lutheran and other Protestant denominations. Beyond Germany, similar collections of hymn tunes were published in other European countries and later in colonial America, though the specific term "cantional" is less frequently applied outside of German contexts.

The content of a cantional could vary widely. Some focused on a specific set of psalms, while others included a broader range of hymns covering various theological themes and liturgical seasons. The musical styles within these books also evolved over time, reflecting changes in musical fashion and theological emphasis. Cantionals were not only functional but also served as cultural artifacts, offering insights into the musical life and devotional practices of their time. They remain valuable resources for musicologists, historians, and church musicians studying the development of congregational song.