bupropione

Bupropione, also known as bupropion, is an atypical antidepressant and a medication used to aid smoking cessation. It is marketed in several formulations, including immediate-release, sustained-release, and extended-release preparations, and is available under various brand names such as Wellbutrin for depression and Zyban for smoking cessation.

Bupropione is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder, and is commonly prescribed to help people quit smoking. It may be used off-label for other conditions, including certain anxiety and mood disorders, though its primary approved roles are depression and smoking cessation.

The drug acts mainly as a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor with additional activity as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. This combination helps elevate mood and reduce nicotine cravings. It has active metabolites that contribute to its therapeutic effects and may influence its duration of action. Unlike many antidepressants, bupropione does not typically cause sexual dysfunction or sedation.

Bupropione is usually started at a lower dose and gradually increased. It is available in several release forms, with typical regimens including 150 mg once daily for a few days, then 300 mg daily, divided or as a single dose, and a maximum advised daily dose often around 450 mg depending on the formulation. It takes several weeks to observe full antidepressant benefits and higher doses increase seizure risk.

Common side effects include insomnia, dry mouth, headache, nausea, and anxiety. The drug lowers the seizure threshold, so it is contraindicated in people with a history of seizures or certain eating disorders, and it should be used with caution in those who consume substantial alcohol or are taking other medicines that affect seizure risk. It is also contraindicated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Bupropione is available by prescription and should be used under medical supervision.