bupivakaín

Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide class. It is primarily used to provide temporary numbness to a specific area of the body, preventing pain signals from reaching the brain. Its effects are typically longer-lasting compared to some other local anesthetics.

The mechanism of action of bupivacaine involves blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes. By inhibiting sodium ion influx, it prevents the depolarization necessary for the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, thereby achieving anesthesia.

Bupivacaine is administered through various routes, including infiltration, nerve blocks, epidural anesthesia, and spinal anesthesia. It is commonly employed in surgical procedures, pain management, and obstetrics. The concentration and volume of bupivacaine used are carefully determined based on the intended surgical site, the type of procedure, and the desired duration of anesthesia.

Common side effects can include temporary dizziness, nausea, and changes in heart rate or blood pressure. More serious adverse events, though rare, can occur, particularly with excessive dosage or accidental intravascular injection. These may involve central nervous system toxicity, manifesting as visual disturbances, metallic taste, or seizures, and cardiovascular toxicity, leading to arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Due to these potential risks, bupivacaine should only be administered by trained healthcare professionals.