bronkieektasia

Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by permanent widening of the airways, known as bronchi. This abnormal dilation results from damage and inflammation of the bronchial walls, often caused by recurrent infections or underlying conditions. The damaged airways lose their ability to clear mucus effectively, leading to a buildup of thick secretions. This stagnant mucus creates an environment where bacteria can thrive, resulting in frequent lung infections and further inflammation and damage.

Symptoms of bronchiectasis vary in severity and can include a chronic cough that produces large amounts of sputum, shortness of breath, wheezing, and recurrent chest infections. In more severe cases, individuals may experience coughing up blood (hemoptysis) and fatigue. The diagnosis is typically made based on a patient's medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests, most commonly a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest, which can visualize the dilated airways.

Treatment for bronchiectasis focuses on managing symptoms, preventing infections, and improving lung function. This often involves airway clearance techniques to help remove mucus, such as chest physiotherapy or specialized breathing exercises. Antibiotics are used to treat acute infections, and inhaled medications like bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed. In some cases, surgery may be considered for localized bronchiectasis. While there is no cure for bronchiectasis, proper management can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations.