bronchoszkópia

Bronchoszkópia is a medical procedure that allows for direct visualization of the interior of the airways, including the trachea, bronchi, and smaller bronchial tubes. It is commonly used to diagnose and sometimes treat respiratory conditions such as tumors, infections, inflammatory diseases, and airway obstructions.

The procedure is performed using a bronchoscope, a specialized flexible or rigid tube equipped with a light source and a camera, enabling physicians to examine the bronchial passages in detail. Prior to the procedure, patients are typically given local anesthesia and sedation to minimize discomfort.

Bronchoszkópia can be classified into two main types: flexible and rigid. Flexible bronchoscopy is more commonly used due to its improved maneuverability and reduced invasiveness, allowing for detailed inspection and sample collection. Rigid bronchoscopy, usually performed under general anesthesia, may be preferred in cases requiring large specimen collection or removal of substantial obstructions.

Indications for bronchoszkópia include evaluation of persistent cough, hemoptysis, unexplained lung infiltrates, suspicion of lung tumors, and retrieval of foreign bodies. During the procedure, tissue biopsies, bronchial washes, or brushings can be obtained for histopathological examination, aiding in diagnosis.

Complications are relatively rare but can include bleeding, infection, pneumothorax, or adverse reactions to sedation. The choice of procedure type and specific techniques depend on patient health status and diagnostic needs.

Overall, bronchoszkópia is a vital tool in pulmonary medicine, offering direct insight into airway pathology with relatively minimal risk when performed by trained specialists.