brandish

Brandish is a verb meaning to wave, wield, or flourish an object—typically a weapon—so as to display it ostentatiously or threaten an observer. It can also apply to the conspicuous motion of non-weapon items. The act is usually described as brandishing or brandishing of an object, depending on context.

Etymology and history: Brandish derives from Old French brandir, meaning to brandish or brandish a weapon. The English sense emerged in the early modern period, often in relation to wielding blades or other arms. The precise roots are ultimately obscure, but the term is consistently linked to displaying a weapon or symbol through movement.

Usage and context: Brandishing requires a direct object (you brandish a sword, knife, pistol, baton, flag, etc.). In narrative writing, it conveys drama, threat, or intimidation. In everyday language, it may imply reckless or ostentatious display. Figurative uses exist but are less common; one may speak of brandishing authority or power, though this emphasizes display rather than a physical gesture.

Legal and social notes: In many jurisdictions, brandishing a weapon—especially a firearm—can be treated as a criminal offense if it threatens or endangers others. Legal descriptions often distinguish between lawful possession and unlawful brandishing, with penalties reflecting the perceived threat or intent.

Noun forms: The common noun is "brandishment" or the gerund "brandishing." The simple noun usage "brandish" is rare and generally avoided in modern prose.

Example sentences: He brandished the knife to threaten the guard. The suspect was charged with brandishing a firearm in public.