bränner

Brønner are wells—artificial cavities or boreholes dug or drilled to access groundwater. The term is used in Norwegian and Danish to denote a source of fresh water that can be tapped for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use.

Groundwater resides in aquifers, permeable layers of rock or soil that store and transmit water. A well draws water from these supplies, whose availability depends on recharge from precipitation, snowmelt, and surface infiltration. The depth to water and the rate at which water can be replenished influence how a well is used and how reliably it can supply water.

Types and construction include dug wells, drilled wells, and artesian wells. Dug wells are excavated manually or with simple tools and are typically lined with stone, brick, or timber to prevent collapse and limit contamination. Drilled wells extend deeper into aquifers and use casings of steel or plastic, often with grout to seal the space around the well. Artesian wells rely on subsurface hydraulic pressure and may bring water to the surface without pumping. Pumps—hand pumps, electric submersible pumps, or turbine pumps—are commonly used to lift water from the well.

Maintenance and safety emphasize water quality and hygiene. Regular testing for bacteria, nitrates, and other contaminants is advised. Protective measures include sanitary casing, covering the well, maintaining an adequate separation from potential pollution sources, and ensuring secure storage and handling of extracted water.

Regulation and environmental considerations typically require permits, site assessments, and adherence to standards for construction, setback distances, and water quality to protect both the resource and public health.