bonfire

A bonfire is a large outdoor fire built for communal gatherings, celebrations, or ceremonial purposes. It is typically more substantial than a typical campfire and serves as a focal point for social activities, storytelling, or ritual, often accompanied by food, music, or performances.

The term bonfire is believed to derive from bone-fire, a designation used in early modern English. Bonfires have long featured in harvest festivals, seasonal rites, and public celebrations in many parts of the world, sometimes replacing or complementing other forms of ceremonial lighting.

Construction generally involves stacking dry wood in a pyramid or teepee configuration to promote airflow, with tinder or kindling at the base. The fire is lit from the bottom and kept within a cleared area, often on bare earth or within a fire-safe pit.

Safety and regulatory considerations are important. Bonfires should be located away from structures, vegetation, and overhead hazards, and only lit where allowed by local laws or burn bans. Never leave a fire unattended, monitor wind conditions, and have water, sand, or a fire extinguisher on hand.

Culturally, bonfires are tied to seasonal and communal events. They are central to celebrations such as Guy Fawkes Night in the United Kingdom, midsummer gatherings in parts of Europe, and St. John's Eve, as well as community fundraisers or regional festivals.

Environmental considerations include smoke and air quality impacts, ash residue, and the proper disposal of unburned debris. Responsible bonfire practices emphasize safety, waste reduction, and coordination with local authorities.