bioceràmica

Bioceràmica refers to a specialized category of ceramic materials designed for biomedical applications, particularly in tissue engineering, dental, and orthopedic fields. These materials are characterized by their biocompatibility, chemical stability, and capacity to interact positively with biological tissues. The term “bioceràmica” originates from combining “bio” (life) and “ceràmica” (ceramics), emphasizing their role in promoting biological functions.

Bioceràmicas are generally composed of inorganic compounds such as bioactive glasses, calcium phosphates (like hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate), alumina, zirconia, and silica-based ceramics. These materials are engineered to mimic the mineral components of natural bone and teeth, facilitating integration and regeneration of skeletal tissues. Their properties include high mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and surface bioactivity, which promote cellular attachment, proliferation, and differentiation.

In medical applications, bioceràmicas are often used as implants, scaffolds, coatings, or fillers. They can promote bone bonding through a process called bioactivity, where the material forms a direct chemical bond with bone tissue. For example, bioactive glasses and calcium phosphates are extensively used in bone grafts and dental restorations due to their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties.

Advances in bioceràmica research focus on improving their bioactivity, mechanical properties, and resorption rates to better match the needs of different tissues. Their development aims to create sustainable, effective, and biocompatible solutions for tissue repair and regeneration. Bioceràmicas continue to be a promising area within biomaterials science, contributing significantly to regenerative medicine and minimally invasive therapies.

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