bioceramische

Bioceramics are ceramic materials engineered for use in medical and dental applications. They are characterized by their ability to be incorporated into living tissue without causing adverse reactions such as inflammation or rejection. This inertness, or in some cases, bioactivity, makes them suitable for implantation within the body.

The primary types of bioceramics include oxides, phosphates, and non-oxide ceramics. Alumina and zirconia are common examples of oxide bioceramics, often used for hip and knee replacements due to their strength and wear resistance. Hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate, is frequently employed as a bone graft substitute or coating for implants because it is chemically similar to natural bone mineral. Silicon nitride, a non-oxide ceramic, offers high fracture toughness and is explored for load-bearing applications.

Bioceramics are processed using methods similar to traditional ceramics, involving powder synthesis, shaping, and high-temperature sintering. The resulting materials are then polished to a smooth finish to minimize friction and wear when in contact with biological tissues. Their use is widespread in orthopedics, dentistry, and reconstructive surgery, where they contribute to restoring function and improving patient quality of life. Research continues to focus on developing new bioceramic compositions and improving their integration with the body.