bevolkingsscreeningsprogramma

Bevolkingsscre en (population screening) refers to the systematic testing of a broad population or defined subgroups to identify individuals at higher risk for a disease, often before symptoms appear. The goal is to enable early detection and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. It is distinct from case finding, which targets people with symptoms or known risk factors.

Examples include newborn screening, and organized cancer screening programs such as mammography for breast cancer, Pap tests or HPV testing for cervical cancer, and fecal tests or colonoscopy for colorectal cancer. Screening can be organized as national or regional programs that invite eligible individuals, or offered opportunistically during clinical encounters.

Assessment typically uses established criteria (often the Wilson and Jungner criteria) to judge whether screening is appropriate. Important considerations include the test's accuracy, the disease's burden, the availability of effective treatment, potential harms from false positives or overdiagnosis, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. Pilot studies and ongoing monitoring help determine benefits and harms in real-world settings.

Ethical and policy issues involve informed consent and autonomy, privacy of health information, equity of access, and the potential social impact of screening results. Programs must balance benefits with risks and ensure appropriate follow-up and treatment options are available.

Implementation typically requires governance by health authorities, quality assurance, data collection, and regular re-evaluation to adapt to new evidence or changing disease patterns.