behaviorchanging

Behavior change is the process through which individuals or groups modify their actions in response to information, experiences, or changes in the environment. It is a central concern in psychology, public health, and social policy, with goals ranging from reducing risky behaviors to promoting sustainable practices. Behavior-change efforts typically seek to increase the frequency of desirable behaviors and decrease the incidence of harmful ones.

Several theoretical frameworks guide behavior-change work. The COM-B model posits that behavior arises from a combination of capability, opportunity, and motivation. The Transtheoretical Model describes stages from precontemplation to maintenance. The Fogg Behavior Model emphasizes the balance of motivation, ability, and prompts. Social Cognitive Theory highlights self-efficacy and expected outcomes as drivers of change. These models inform the selection of strategies and evaluation.

Common techniques are organized in the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy, including goal setting, self-monitoring, feedback, prompts, social support, and reinforcement. Interventions may be individual, such as counseling, or environmental, like policy changes and nudges. Effectiveness is evaluated with behavior outcomes (for example, steps taken) and proximal measures (such as self-efficacy). Trials and implementation studies assess adoption, reach, and sustainability.

Behavior-change programs appear across health, safety, energy, and consumer domains. Success depends on context, culture, and equity; ethical considerations include autonomy and privacy in monitoring. Challenges include maintaining gains after initial support and translating short-term results into lasting change.