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Batch numbering, also known as batch coding or lot numbering, is a system used in manufacturing and distribution to identify and track batches of products. Each batch of identical items produced during a specific manufacturing run is assigned a unique identifier, the batch number. This number is typically applied directly to the product packaging or labeling.

The primary purpose of batch numbering is to facilitate traceability. If a defect or issue is discovered with a particular product, the batch number allows manufacturers to quickly identify all other products manufactured within the same batch. This enables efficient recall of affected items, preventing further distribution and potential harm to consumers. It also helps in pinpointing the source of the problem within the manufacturing process, allowing for corrective actions.

Batch numbering is crucial in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, and electronics. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, precise traceability is vital for patient safety. For food products, it ensures compliance with food safety regulations and helps manage potential contamination issues. The format of batch numbers can vary widely, often incorporating dates, production line information, and sequential identifiers. The specific details of the batch number are determined by the manufacturer's internal systems and regulatory requirements of the regions where the products are sold.