baptist

Baptist refers to a group of Protestant Christian churches and denominations that share core convictions about baptism and church governance. Central to Baptist practice is believer’s baptism by immersion and the autonomy of locally gathered congregations, with baptism typically reserved for professing believers.

Historically, Baptists trace their roots to the early 17th century in England, among Separatists who desired church renewal apart from the established church. John Smyth and Thomas Helwys were pivotal figures, forming early Baptist communities in the Netherlands and in England, before the movement spread to North America. Over time, Baptists diversified into various associations and denominations, influenced by regional cultures and theological emphases.

Believer’s baptism by immersion is a defining practice, performed after an individual expresses faith in Jesus Christ. Infant baptism is generally rejected by Baptists, who emphasize personal profession of faith. The Lord’s Supper is observed as a symbolic ordinance. Baptists also uphold the principle of religious liberty and the separation of church and state.

Organization among Baptists is typically congregational, with local churches exercising autonomy in governance and decision making. Churches may collaborate through associations, conventions, or global networks, while preserving local sovereignty. The Baptist tradition encompasses a wide range of theological and social positions, resulting in considerable diversity in worship style, doctrine, and practice.

Prominent Baptist bodies include national and regional conventions and the global Baptist World Alliance, with substantial influence in the United States, Africa, and other regions. Baptists have played significant roles in education, missions, and social initiatives within various communities.