banyas

Banyas are traditional steam bathhouses found in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe. They are typically wooden structures designed for indoor steam baths and social bathing, and they have played a long-standing role in daily life, culture, and rituals.

A standard banya features a parilka, the steam room, heated by a stove that can be wood-, coal-, or electric-powered. Temperatures in the parilka commonly range from about 60 to 90°C (140–194°F), with high humidity created by pouring water on hot stones. A separate moyka, or washing area, provides a space to cool down and rinse off. Visitors may alternate between hot steam sessions and cooling phases, using cold showers, plunge baths, or snow when available.

A key practice in banyas is the use of a venik, a bundle of dried birch or oak branches. Gently waving or beating the venik over the body is intended to stimulate circulation, exfoliate the skin, and enhance the sensory experience. The act of steaming and venik massage, together with social interaction, forms a central aspect of banya culture and is often described as a ritual called parenie.

Banyas vary regionally but share common elements: wood interiors, a dedicated steam room, and a social atmosphere that may include tea or light snacks. In modern times, banyas exist as public bathhouses, private dachas, or spa facilities, sometimes combining traditional methods with contemporary amenities. Health considerations include staying hydrated and avoiding prolonged exposure for individuals with certain medical conditions.