backhaulforbindelser

Backhaulforbindelser, commonly referred to as backhaul connections, are the transport links that connect the access network to the core network. They aggregate traffic from user devices at edge points such as cell sites, street cabinets, or enterprise networks and carry it toward central data centers. Backhaul can be fiber optic, microwave radio, copper, or satellite, with the choice driven by geography, required capacity, and cost. In modern architectures, backhaul is part of a broader transport stack that also includes midhaul and, in some cases, fronthaul.

Technologies and topologies: Fiber backhaul provides high capacity and long reach, often using dense wavelength division multiplexing to scale bandwidth. Microwave backhaul offers wireless point-to-point or multipoint links that are cost-effective where fiber is unavailable. Copper is mostly legacy and limited to low rates. Satellite serves remote regions. Common topologies include point-to-point links from cell sites to aggregation nodes, and ring or mesh arrangements to improve resilience and redundancy.

Performance and management: Backhaul performance is measured in capacity, latency, jitter, and availability. Operators pursue high reliability, often with redundant paths and protection schemes. Transport may be carried over IP, Ethernet, or MPLS networks, with QoS, grooming, and virtualization to manage traffic and ensure service levels.

Applications and trends: In mobile networks, backhaul connects radio access to the core and is essential for service quality in 4G and 5G deployments. The trend toward higher data rates and lower latency drives fiber expansion and high-capacity wireless backhaul, alongside ongoing improvements in network security, orchestration, and management.