backendkehys

A backendkehys, or backend framework, is a software framework that provides a structured foundation for building server-side applications and services. It offers abstractions and components to manage HTTP routing, request and response processing, middleware execution, data persistence, authentication, authorization, and background tasks. By standardizing common tasks, a backendkehys helps developers focus on business logic rather than low-level plumbing.

Most backendkehykset are either opinionated or unopinionated. Opinionated frameworks enforce a specific project structure and patterns (such as MVC or hexagonal architecture) and often bundle many features, including ORMs, migrations, validation, caching, and testing utilities. Unopinionated frameworks provide more flexibility but require integrating third-party libraries for common concerns.

Common components include routing, controllers or handlers, services, repositories or data access layers, models, middleware, dependency injection, configuration management, and CLI tools. They typically support RESTful endpoints and/or GraphQL, provide security features such as authentication and authorization, input validation, and protections against common threats, and may support asynchronous processing to improve scalability.

Ecosystem and usage vary by language and environment. Backend frameworks exist for JavaScript/TypeScript (Node.js), Python, Ruby, Java, PHP, .NET, and others, each with its own set of conventions, performance characteristics, and community support. They are used to build APIs for web or mobile apps, microservices, server-rendered applications, and background job workers.

Choosing a backend framework involves considering the programming language, data stores, scalability needs, deployment model, and the desired level of structure. Good practices include separating business logic into services, writing tests, and keeping dependencies up to date with security updates.