automatists

Automatists were a group of Quebecois artists who emerged in Montreal in the late 1950s. Their name derives from the French word "automatiste," meaning automatist, reflecting their interest in automatic drawing and writing, techniques inspired by Surrealism. The core members, including Paul-Emile Borduas, Fernand Leduc, and Jean-Paul Mousseau, sought to liberate artistic expression from societal constraints and academic traditions. They embraced abstraction and spontaneity, aiming to tap into the subconscious and create art that was both personal and universally resonant.

The Automatists were politically engaged, advocating for social change and Quebec's cultural independence. Their manifesto, "Refus Global" (Total Refusal), published in 1948, was a radical declaration against the prevailing conservative social and artistic climate in Quebec. This document, co-signed by many members, championed artistic freedom, individual expression, and a rejection of religious and political authority. The group's work often featured bold colors, dynamic forms, and a raw, energetic quality, reflecting their desire to break free from conventional aesthetics. While their active period as a cohesive group was relatively short, the Automatists had a profound and lasting impact on the development of modern art in Canada, influencing subsequent generations of artists and contributing significantly to Quebec's artistic and cultural identity.