autoinduktio

Autoinduktio is a phenomenon in electromagnetism where a changing electric current in a conductor induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the conductor itself. This induced EMF opposes the change in current that produced it, a principle known as Lenz's Law. The magnitude of this induced EMF is proportional to the rate of change of the current and a property of the conductor called inductance. Inductance is a measure of how effectively a conductor can store energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. It depends on the physical characteristics of the conductor, such as its shape, size, and the presence of any magnetic core material.

When the current in a circuit increases, the self-induced EMF acts in the opposite direction to the applied voltage, slowing down the current's rise. Conversely, when the current decreases, the self-induced EMF acts in the same direction as the applied voltage, attempting to maintain the current. This effect is fundamental to the operation of inductors, which are electronic components designed to possess high inductance. Autoinduktio plays a crucial role in various electrical circuits, including those found in transformers, motors, and resonant circuits, influencing their behavior and performance. It is a key concept for understanding the dynamics of alternating current (AC) circuits.