atherosclerotikus

Atherosclerotikus is a term used to describe a condition related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a common disease characterized by the buildup of plaques, which are made up of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances, within the walls of arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries and can reduce blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and limbs. Over time, these plaques can harden and become brittle, and a piece of plaque can break off, leading to the formation of a blood clot. This clot can block blood flow entirely, causing a heart attack or stroke.

The exact cause of atherosclerosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a complex process influenced by various risk factors. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease. Genetic factors and age also play a role.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis vary depending on which arteries are affected. If the coronary arteries are involved, symptoms may include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and heart attack. If arteries supplying the brain are narrowed, symptoms can include stroke-like symptoms such as sudden numbness or weakness, difficulty speaking, and vision problems. Atherosclerosis in the arteries of the legs can cause pain when walking (claudication).

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood tests to check cholesterol levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, and imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scans, or angiography. Treatment aims to slow the progression of the disease, manage risk factors, and prevent complications. This can include lifestyle changes such as diet modification, exercise, and smoking cessation, as well as medications to lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty with stenting or bypass surgery may be necessary.