ateroszklerózissal

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition characterized by the gradual buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances within and on the artery walls. This buildup, often referred to as plaque, can narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. Over time, this narrowing can make arteries less flexible and can lead to serious health problems.

The exact cause of atherosclerosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to develop over many years. Several risk factors are associated with its development. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a lack of physical activity. A family history of heart disease or atherosclerosis can also increase a person's risk.

Symptoms of atherosclerosis can vary depending on the arteries affected. If the coronary arteries are involved, it can lead to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. If the arteries supplying the brain are narrowed, it can cause a stroke. Atherosclerosis in the legs can result in peripheral artery disease, causing leg pain during exercise. In many cases, atherosclerosis may not cause noticeable symptoms until a significant blockage occurs, leading to a critical event like a heart attack or stroke.

Diagnosis often involves a review of medical history, a physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These tests may include blood tests to check cholesterol and blood sugar levels, electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, stress tests, or imaging studies such as angiography.

Treatment aims to slow or prevent the progression of plaque buildup and manage associated risk factors. Lifestyle modifications are a cornerstone of treatment, including adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications may also be prescribed to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol, or prevent blood clots. In some severe cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.