asprirációs

Aspírációs is a term that broadly refers to the act of drawing something into the respiratory tract, such as food, liquid, or foreign material. This can occur unintentionally during swallowing or in individuals with impaired airway protection mechanisms. When foreign substances enter the trachea instead of the esophagus, it is considered aspiration. This can lead to a range of complications, including coughing, choking, and potentially aspiration pneumonia, an infection of the lungs caused by the inhaled material.

Several factors can increase the risk of aspiration. These include conditions affecting the ability to swallow, such as neurological disorders (stroke, Parkinson's disease), esophageal motility problems, and certain medical procedures. Age is also a factor, with infants and the elderly being more susceptible. Symptoms of aspiration can vary depending on the amount and type of material inhaled. They may include sudden coughing, difficulty breathing, wheezing, or a change in voice quality. In more severe cases, fever, chest pain, and difficulty clearing secretions can develop, indicative of a potential infection.

Diagnosis often involves a clinical assessment of the patient's symptoms and history. Medical professionals may utilize imaging studies such as a chest X-ray or CT scan to identify signs of pneumonia. Swallowing evaluations, including videofluoroscopic swallowing studies, can also help pinpoint aspiration events and identify underlying causes. Management focuses on preventing further aspiration, treating any resulting infections, and addressing the underlying cause. This may involve dietary modifications, swallowing therapy, or medical interventions to improve airway protection.