Aspírációs

Aspírációs refers to the act of inhaling foreign material into the airways, specifically the trachea and lungs. This can occur when a substance, such as food, liquid, or stomach contents, enters the airway instead of proceeding down the esophagus into the stomach. Several factors can increase the risk of aspiration, including impaired swallowing reflexes, certain medical conditions like stroke or Parkinson's disease, reduced consciousness due to illness or medication, and dental problems. In infants and young children, immature swallowing coordination can also be a contributing factor.

The consequences of aspiration can range from mild, causing temporary coughing and choking, to severe, leading to aspiration pneumonia, a serious infection of the lungs. Symptoms of aspiration may include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, and chest pain. Diagnosis often involves a medical history, physical examination, and sometimes imaging tests like a chest X-ray or CT scan. Treatment depends on the severity and may involve antibiotics for infection, supportive care for breathing difficulties, and interventions to improve swallowing function. Prevention strategies are crucial and can include modifying food textures, proper positioning during and after meals, and addressing underlying medical conditions that affect swallowing.