asertiivsus

Asertiivsus, or assertiveness, refers to the ability to express one’s thoughts, feelings, needs, and boundaries clearly and confidently while respecting the rights of others. It is a communication style that lies between passivity and aggression, emphasizing honesty and self-respect without undermining or dominating others. Assertive individuals communicate openly, take responsibility for their actions, and advocate for themselves in a constructive manner.

The concept of assertiveness was introduced in the 1960s by psychologists such as Andrew Salter and Raymond Lowen, who explored its role in healthy interpersonal relationships. Assertive communication involves using "I" statements to express personal perspectives without blaming others, which helps prevent conflict and fosters mutual understanding. For example, instead of saying, "You never listen to me," an assertive person might say, "I feel unheard when my ideas aren’t considered."

Research suggests that assertiveness is linked to improved mental well-being, stronger relationships, and greater job satisfaction. It enables individuals to handle criticism, negotiate effectively, and set boundaries in personal and professional settings. However, overassertiveness—where one’s communication becomes aggressive—can lead to hostility, while underassertiveness—passive behavior—may result in resentment or exploitation.

Developing assertiveness often involves practicing active listening, managing emotions, and gradually asserting needs in low-stakes situations. Techniques such as role-playing, mindfulness, and assertiveness training can help individuals refine this skill. While assertiveness is not universally applicable in all cultures (where indirect communication may be preferred), it remains a widely recognized framework for effective self-expression in Western communication models.