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Arylchlorides are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a chlorine atom directly bonded to an aromatic ring. The aromatic ring is a planar, cyclic structure with delocalized pi electrons, such as a benzene ring. This direct attachment of chlorine to the ring differentiates aryl chlorides from alkyl chlorides, where the chlorine atom is bonded to a saturated carbon atom. The electronic nature of the aromatic ring influences the reactivity of the chlorine atom. Due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the aromatic system, the carbon-chlorine bond in aryl chlorides is generally stronger and less polar than in alkyl chlorides.

Consequently, aryl chlorides typically exhibit different chemical behavior compared to their alkyl counterparts. They are generally less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions under standard conditions. Stronger conditions, such as high temperatures, pressures, or the presence of metal catalysts, are often required to facilitate such reactions. However, the aromatic ring itself can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, and the chlorine atom, being an ortho, para-director and a deactivator, influences the position of substitution.

Common examples of aryl chlorides include chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzenes, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Chlorobenzene, the simplest aryl chloride, is produced industrially through the chlorination of benzene. Aryl chlorides find applications in various industries, serving as intermediates in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and polymers. Their stability and specific reactivity make them valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. The environmental persistence and potential toxicity of certain aryl chlorides, like PCBs, have led to restrictions on their use and production in many parts of the world.