arteriovenoosiin

Arteriovenous malformation, commonly referred to as an AV malformation, is a congenital vascular anomaly characterized by the abnormal connection of arteries and veins. These malformations are typically found in the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body. The abnormal connections can lead to the formation of a network of blood vessels that can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

AV malformations are often classified based on their size and the presence of nidus, which is the central core of the malformation. Small AV malformations may not cause symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies. Larger AV malformations can lead to symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits. In severe cases, they can cause life-threatening bleeding or hemorrhage.

The diagnosis of an AV malformation typically involves imaging studies such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment options depend on the size, location, and symptoms of the malformation. Small, asymptomatic malformations may not require treatment. Larger malformations may be treated with embolization, surgical resection, or radiation therapy, depending on the individual's symptoms and overall health.

AV malformations are relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of about 0.02% to 0.05% in the general population. The exact cause of AV malformations is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from abnormal development of blood vessels during fetal life.