arapaima

The arapaima, scientifically known as Arapaima gigas, is a genus of freshwater fish native to the Amazon basin. It is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, with individuals commonly reaching lengths of over 2 meters and weights exceeding 100 kilograms. Its elongated body is covered in large, iridescent scales that are typically reddish-bronze in color.

A distinctive feature of the arapaima is its ability to breathe air. It possesses a modified swim bladder that functions like a lung, allowing it to survive in oxygen-poor waters. This adaptation enables it to rise to the surface and gulp air, a behavior crucial for its survival in its natural habitat.

Arapaima are carnivorous predators, feeding primarily on other fish, but they have also been known to consume crustaceans, insects, and even small land animals that venture too close to the water's edge. They are solitary fish, generally found in slow-moving waters, lakes, and flooded forests.

Due to overfishing and habitat degradation, the arapaima population has declined in many areas. Conservation efforts are underway to protect this iconic species, including fishing regulations and aquaculture initiatives. Despite its size and predatory nature, the arapaima is generally considered a docile fish.