antidiarrhoeals

Antidiarrhoeals are medications used to treat diarrhea, a condition characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools. They work by reducing the frequency and urgency of bowel movements. There are several types of antidiarrhoeal medications, each acting through different mechanisms.

One common category is motility-reducing agents, such as loperamide. These drugs slow down the movement of the intestines, allowing more time for water and electrolytes to be absorbed from the stool, thus making it firmer. Another class includes absorbent agents, like bismuth subsalicylate. These can bind to toxins and water in the gut, helping to solidify stool and also having some anti-inflammatory effects.

Certain antidiarrhoeals act by altering fluid and electrolyte balance in the intestines. For example, some work by reducing fluid secretion into the bowel. In some cases, specific treatments might target the underlying cause of diarrhea, such as antibiotics for bacterial infections, but these are not strictly antidiarrhoeals themselves.

Antidiarrhoeals are generally available over-the-counter, but it is important to use them as directed and consult a healthcare professional if diarrhea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms like fever or blood in the stool. They are not suitable for all types of diarrhea, particularly infectious diarrhea where their use might prolong the illness by preventing the body from expelling pathogens. Side effects can vary depending on the specific medication but may include constipation, abdominal cramps, or nausea.