antiallergic

Antiallergic refers to substances or treatments designed to counteract allergic reactions by inhibiting the body’s immune response to allergens. Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to typically harmless substances, such as pollen, dust mites, certain foods, or medications, triggering symptoms like sneezing, itching, swelling, or anaphylaxis in severe cases.

Antiallergic medications work primarily by blocking histamine, a chemical released during allergic reactions that causes inflammation and other symptoms. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists, commonly known as antihistamines, are the most widely used antiallergic drugs. They include first-generation medications like diphenhydramine, which may cause drowsiness, and second-generation options like loratadine or cetirizine, which are generally non-sedating. Other antiallergic therapies target different pathways, such as leukotriene modifiers for asthma or nasal corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in allergic rhinitis.

Beyond medications, antiallergic strategies include allergen avoidance, immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets), and lifestyle modifications like improving indoor air quality. Some natural remedies, such as quercetin or stinging nettle, are sometimes used, though their efficacy varies and they should be approached with caution.

Antiallergic treatments are widely available over the counter, but severe or persistent allergic reactions may require prescription medications or medical supervision. Proper diagnosis by an allergist or healthcare provider is essential to determine the most effective approach, as symptoms can vary widely among individuals. While antiallergic interventions provide relief for many, some allergies may persist or worsen over time, necessitating ongoing management.