antiacides

Antacids are medicines used to neutralize stomach acid. They are commonly used to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach. Most products are available over the counter and provide rapid, short-term relief.

Antacids work by containing basic minerals such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, or combinations of aluminum and magnesium hydroxides. When they are taken, these compounds react with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to raise the pH, reducing irritation of the esophagus and stomach lining. Relief is usually felt within minutes, and the duration depends on the product and the amount taken.

Common formulations include calcium carbonate (often in chewables), magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and aluminum–magnesium combinations. Some products are effervescent and contain sodium bicarbonate, which adds a sodium load that may be a concern for people with hypertension or kidney disease.

Side effects vary by ingredient. Calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide can cause constipation; magnesium hydroxide can cause diarrhea. Overuse can lead to electrolyte disturbances, metabolic alkalosis, or milk-alkali syndrome (especially with calcium-containing products). Some antacids contain substantial sodium or, in rare cases, interact with kidney function. They can also interfere with the absorption of other drugs by changing gastric pH or forming complexes; separation in dosing by a few hours is often advised for medications such as tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, iron, and certain antifungals.

Limitations: antacids provide symptomatic relief but do not heal underlying conditions like ulcers or chronic GERD. If symptoms persist, worsen, or occur frequently, medical evaluation is recommended. They are generally considered safe in pregnancy but should be used under medical advice when conditions exist.