antiMüllerianhormonia

Anti-Müllerian hormone, often abbreviated as AMH, is a protein hormone produced by cells in the developing gonads of both males and females. In males, it is produced by Sertoli cells in the testes and plays a crucial role during fetal development by inhibiting the growth of the Müllerian ducts, which would otherwise develop into female reproductive organs. In females, AMH is produced by granulosa cells in the developing ovarian follicles. Its primary function in females is to regulate the growth and development of ovarian follicles.

The levels of AMH in the blood are often used as an indicator of ovarian reserve, which is the number of potential eggs a woman has. As a woman ages, her AMH levels typically decline, reflecting a decrease in the number of viable follicles. AMH levels can also be affected by various medical conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where levels may be elevated, and premature ovarian insufficiency, where levels may be very low.

Diagnostic testing for AMH levels is usually performed through a simple blood test. The results are interpreted by healthcare professionals in conjunction with other clinical information and reproductive history. While a lower AMH level generally suggests a diminished ovarian reserve, it does not necessarily mean infertility. Conversely, higher AMH levels, as seen in PCOS, can indicate an increased number of small follicles but may also be associated with ovulatory dysfunction. AMH testing is a valuable tool in reproductive endocrinology for assessing fertility potential and diagnosing certain reproductive disorders.