alkaloz

Alkaloz is a term that refers to a condition characterized by an excessive level of alkali in the body fluids, most commonly seen as an increased blood pH. This state is also known as alkalemia. It is the opposite of acidosis, where there is an excess of acid. Alkaloz can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain metabolic disturbances, respiratory issues, or the ingestion of alkaline substances.

There are two primary types of alkaloz: metabolic alkaloz and respiratory alkaloz. Metabolic alkaloz occurs when there is an imbalance in the body's electrolytes and acids, often due to prolonged vomiting, diuretic use, or excessive intake of bicarbonates. Respiratory alkaloz is typically caused by hyperventilation, where a person breathes too rapidly and deeply, expelling too much carbon dioxide from the blood.

The symptoms of alkaloz can vary depending on the severity and the underlying cause. Mild cases may present with no noticeable symptoms. However, more significant alkaloz can lead to muscle twitching, spasms, tingling sensations, confusion, and in severe instances, seizures or coma. The body has natural buffering systems to maintain a stable pH, but when these systems are overwhelmed, alkaloz can develop. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure pH and electrolyte levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause of the alkaloz.