alkalisers

Alkalisers are substances that raise the alkalinity of a solution, increasing its pH above neutral. In chemistry, they are typically bases that form alkaline environments when dissolved in water. A common distinction is that alkalis are soluble bases that release hydroxide ions in solution, whereas bases in general may be insoluble.

Many alkalisers belong to several chemical families. Soluble metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) are strong alkalis. Carbonates and bicarbonates, including sodium carbonate (soda ash) and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), are also used to raise pH, though they often act more gradually and can act as buffering agents. Ammonia dissolved in water forms ammonium hydroxide, another frequently encountered alkali in various applications. In food contexts, alkalisers include leavening agents like baking soda and baking powder, which supply alkaline conditions during baking.

Uses of alkalisers span industry and daily life. They are employed in water treatment to adjust pH, in cleaning products to dissolve organic matter, and in chemical manufacturing. In medicine and consumer products, antacids use mild alkalisers to neutralize excess stomach acid. In agriculture, alkaline amendments may raise soil pH to optimize nutrient availability.

Safety and handling are important, as many alkalisers are caustic and can irritate or burn skin and eyes. They react exothermically with acids and should be stored in labeled, sealed containers, with appropriate personal protective equipment during handling.