alférez
Alférez is a rank used in several Spanish-speaking armed forces and police organizations to denote a junior commissioned officer. It is typically the first officer rank in the army, positioned directly above the most senior non-commissioned officers and below the rank of teniente (lieutenant). The role corresponds to junior officer grades such as ensign or second lieutenant, with variations by country.
Etymology and origin: The term derives from the historic duty of carrying a unit’s standard or banner.
Usage by country: In Spain and many Latin American countries, alférez is the entry-level commissioned officer
Insignia and duties: Insignia typically consists of a single star, stripe, or bar on the shoulder, collar,
Historical notes: The rank has persisted in many systems, though some reforms have replaced or renamed it