aldoszteronhiány

Aldoszteronhiány, also known as hypoaldosteronism, is a medical condition characterized by insufficient production or action of the hormone aldosterone. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, specifically the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Its primary role is to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body, particularly sodium and potassium levels.

The lack of aldosterone can lead to a variety of symptoms. Electrolyte imbalances are common, with low sodium levels (hyponatremia) and high potassium levels (hyperkalemia) being significant indicators. This can result in muscle weakness, fatigue, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias. Blood pressure may also be low (hypotension) due to reduced sodium and water retention. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Aldoszteronhiány can arise from several causes. Primary hypoaldosteronism occurs when the adrenal glands themselves are damaged or diseased, preventing them from producing enough aldosterone. This can be due to conditions like Addison's disease, adrenal insufficiency, or certain genetic disorders. Secondary hypoaldosteronism results from a problem with the regulatory system that controls aldosterone release, typically involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Conditions like certain kidney diseases or medications that interfere with the RAAS can lead to this type.

Diagnosis of aldoszteronhiány involves blood tests to measure aldosterone, renin, sodium, and potassium levels. Imaging studies may also be used to assess the adrenal glands. Treatment focuses on replacing the deficient aldosterone, often with synthetic mineralocorticoids like fludrocortisone, and managing electrolyte imbalances through diet and medication.