akutePhaseProtein

akutePhaseProtein is a term used in some biomedical discussions to describe proteins whose plasma concentrations change in the course of the acute phase response to inflammation, infection, or tissue injury. It is not a single protein but a category that may include well-characterized acute phase proteins as well as newly identified candidates from proteomic studies.

Most akutePhaseProtein members are classified as positive acute-phase proteins, with the liver as the primary source in humans. Their synthesis is upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-6, but also interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Expression typically rises within hours of an inflammatory trigger and can remain elevated for variable durations depending on the stimulus and underlying condition.

Functions attributed to akutePhaseProteins are diverse: they can act in innate immunity by opsonization, complement activation, and modulation of the inflammatory response; transport important molecules; regulate coagulation, iron metabolism, and tissue repair; and help limit tissue damage during inflammatory processes.

Clinically, changes in the levels of akutePhaseProteins are used as biomarkers to assess the intensity of inflammation, infection, or injury. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A are among the best known members and illustrate the diagnostic potential of this protein class; other proteins may serve as supplementary markers in panels. The term is sometimes used in proteomics research to describe newly discovered proteins whose levels increase during the acute phase.

Research on akutePhaseProtein continues to refine understanding of regulation, species differences, and utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. As with other acute-phase markers, interpretation should consider the clinical context and assay characteristics.