airpump

An air pump is a device that moves air to create or adjust pressure in a system. It is used to inflate objects, power pneumatic tools, and ventilate or aerate surroundings. Air pumps range from small hand or foot pumps to large electric compressors and industrial blowers, and they can be manual, electric, or driven by compressed air.

Most air pumps work by positive displacement: a piston, diaphragm, or chamber reduces volume to draw air in, then pushes it out under higher pressure. Rotary vane and scroll designs can move larger volumes at lower pressure. Manual types include bicycle pumps and foot pumps; electric models include portable inflators, car tire compressors, and shop air compressors. Specialized pumps exist for aquariums, where a diaphragm-driven unit bubbles air through water.

Applications include inflating tires, sports equipment, air mattresses, kayaks, and other inflatables; operating pneumatic tools; providing ventilation in confined spaces; painting with compressed air; and delivering aeration in aquaculture and wastewater treatment.

History and safety: early air pumps appeared in the 17th century for experiments in vacuum and gas pressure. Improvements over time produced practical air pumps and compressors. Modern units emphasize efficiency, portability, and safety, incorporating regulators, filters, and relief valves to prevent over-pressurization and backflow, and to minimize noise and energy use. See also: compressor, vacuum pump, bicycle pump, airbrush compressor, aquaculture.