agresi

Agresi is the Indonesian term for aggression, referring to behavior intended to harm, dominate, or intimidate another person. In psychology and related fields, aggression encompasses a range of actions designed to cause physical or psychological harm. Forms include physical aggression (hitting, biting, pushing), verbal aggression (threats, insults, shouting), relational or social aggression (spreading rumors, social exclusion), and digital aggression (cyberbullying, online harassment).

Causes and context: Aggressive behavior typically results from an interaction of situational triggers (frustration, perceived threat, provocation) and individual risk factors (impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, history of violence, substance use). Social learning, cultural norms, and environmental stressors also shape how aggression is expressed and tolerated.

Measurement and assessment: Researchers use self-report questionnaires such as the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, caregiver or teacher ratings, and direct behavioral observation to assess aggression. In clinical settings, aggression is evaluated for safety risks and associated conditions, such as conduct disorder or mood disorders.

Impact and consequences: Aggression can cause physical injuries, emotional distress, damaged relationships, and legal or disciplinary sanctions. It also imposes broader costs on families, schools, and workplaces.

Prevention and management: Effective strategies include reducing triggers, teaching emotion regulation and problem-solving skills, promoting prosocial behavior, and implementing clear policies. Interventions may involve parent training, school or workplace programs, therapy for underlying disorders, and safety planning where needed.

See also: aggression, violence, conflict resolution, criminology, psychology.