agnosiina

Agnosiina is a rare neuropsychological disorder characterized by impaired recognition of familiar objects, people, sounds, or concepts, despite intact sensory acuity. Unlike agnosia, which is traditionally divided into visual or auditory subtypes, agnosiina encompasses a broader spectrum of perceptual deficits that can affect multiple modalities simultaneously. Individuals with agnosiina may be unable to identify a familiar acquaintance, recognize a household item, or understand a common concept, even though basic functions such as speech production, motor skills, and general cognition remain intact.

The term was first introduced in the early 1990s by neurologist Dr. Elena Navarro in a series of case reports documenting patients with diffuse cortical damage who exhibited cross-modal recognition deficits. Subsequent research has linked agnosiina to widespread hypometabolism in the parietal and temporal cortices, as well as disruptions in long‑range connectivity between association areas. Traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia are the most common etiologic factors.

Diagnosis typically requires a battery of neuropsychological tests, including the Standardized Clinical Recognition Assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging to visualize cortical integrity. There is no standardized pharmacological therapy; management focuses on occupational and speech therapy aimed at compensatory strategies and retraining of remaining perceptual and cognitive skills. Recent studies suggest that neuroplastic interventions, such as targeted neurofeedback and transcranial magnetic stimulation, may offer modest improvements in recognition abilities. Research continues to explore the underlying neural circuitry of agnosiina to develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.