adicción

Adicción refers to a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It is a complex condition that affects brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control. While often associated with illicit substances, addiction can also develop from the misuse of legal drugs such as alcohol, nicotine, and prescription medications. Behavioral addictions, such as gambling or internet addiction, share similar neurological pathways and can also have significant negative impacts on an individual's life.

The development of addiction is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Genetics can account for a significant portion of a person's susceptibility to addiction, while social influences, peer pressure, and early exposure to substances can increase risk. Trauma, stress, and mental health disorders are also closely linked to addiction, often serving as triggers or coping mechanisms.

Recognizing addiction involves observing changes in behavior, such as neglecting responsibilities, withdrawal from social activities, and continued use despite negative consequences. Physical and psychological dependence can also occur, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the substance is stopped. Treatment for addiction typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, medication, and support groups. Recovery is a long-term process that requires ongoing support and commitment.